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In general philatelic fakes
and forgeries refers to labels that look like postage stamps but aren't.
Most have been produced to deceive or defraud.
Forgery indicates stamps produced to defraud
collectors and to defraud stamp-issuing governments . Counterfeits are produced in large
quantities in order to be able to recover their investment. sold for a price that
is significantly lower than that legitimate. "Fake" is used to
indicate the alteration of a genuine stamp to make it appear as
something else. Fakes might refer to cancels, overprints, added or
clipped perforations, stamp design alterations, etc."
Fakes
Fakes begin with a genuine stamp and alter it in some way to make it
more valuable to stamp collectors. It is advisable particularly when
dealing with stamps of value to have them examined and expertised. such
as Forged overprints, Reperforating, Regumming, Repairs, Colour changes, False postmarks, Cancelled to order,
Philatelic forgeries
Soon after their introduction, stamps became philatelic objects, and
stamp forgery to the detriment of the collector became a problem. Many
were produced in the earliest days of stamp collecting such as Government and propaganda forgeries
, Official reprints, Remainders, Bogus stamps, Fantasies and entire forgeries
when the forger starts from scratch, and completely re-engraves the
plate.
Protective measures
Watermarks ,
Special paper ,
Delicate engraving ,
Printing methods ,
Special ink for post marks ,
Insertion of silk threads ,
Secret marks either visible or invisbible to the microscope ,
Re-issue of stamps .
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