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An operating system
(OS and O/S) is the software component of a computer system
-- Used by all computers, including handheld computers, desktop computers,
supercomputers, and even video game consoles -- that is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the
sharing of the resources of the computer.
Mostrly known Os , O/S are:
The Microsoft Windows family of operating systems originated as an add-on to the
older MS-DOS operating system for the IBM PC. The most widely used version of
the Microsoft Windows family is Windows XP, and Windows Vista,
Mac OS X is a line of proprietary, graphical operating systems developed,
marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all
currently shipping Macintosh computers. successor to the original Mac OS, which
had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984
The Unix-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several major
sub-categories including System V, BSD, and Linux. The name "UNIX" is a
trademark of The Open Group which licenses it for use with any operating system
that has been shown to conform to their definitions. "Unix-like" is commonly
used to refer to the large set of operating systems which resemble the original
Unix.
Plan 9 was designed from the start to be a networked operating system, and had
graphics built-in, unlike Unix, which added these features to the design later.
Plan 9 has yet to become as popular as Unix derivatives, but it has an expanding
community of developers.
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a multitasking operating system intended
for applications with fixed deadlines (real-time computing). Such applications
include some small embedded systems, automobile engine controllers, industrial
robots, spacecraft, industrial control, and some large-scale computing systems.
Embedded systems use a variety of dedicated operating systems. In some cases,
the "operating system" software is directly linked to the application to produce
a monolithic special-purpose program. Some embedded systems use operating
systems such as Symbian OS, Palm OS, Windows CE, BSD, and Linux.
Operating system development, or OSDev, as a hobby has a large cult-like
following. As such, operating systems, such as Linux, have derived from hobby
operating system projects.
Other proprietary Unix-like and POSIX-compliant
SDS (Scientific Data Systems) , TRON Project , UNIVAC (later Unisys) , WAVECOM
Linux distribution is a member of the Linux family of Unix-like software
distributions.
One can distinguish between commercially backed distributions, such as Fedora
(Red Hat), SUSE Linux (Novell), Ubuntu (Canonical Ltd.), and Mandriva Linux and
community distributions such as Debian and Gentoo.
List of Linux distributions
Debian-based , Knoppix-based , Ubuntu-based , Gentoo-based , RPM-based ,
Fedora-based , Red Hat Enterprise Linux-based , Slackware-based , SLAX-Based .
Early, proprietary microcomputer OS
Acorn , Amiga , Apollo , Apple , Atari , Be Incorporated , Burroughs (later Unisys)
,
Convergent Technologies , Digital/Tandem Computers/Compaq/HP , Fujitsu ,
Green Hills Software , Hewlett-Packard , Intel , IBM , ICL (formerly ICT)
,
LynuxWorks (originally Lynx Real-time Systems) , Micrium, Microsoft
, Novell ,
QANTEL , RCA , SCO / The SCO Group , Unicoi Systems
, Wind River Systems ,
Non-Standard languages , Lisp-based operating systems ,
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