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load balancing is a technique ommonly used to mediate internal
communications in computer clusters, especially high-availability clusters. to
spread work between two or more computers, network links, CPUs or hard drives to get optimal
resource utilization, throughput, or response time. increasing reliability
through redundancy. The balancing service is usually provided by a dedicated
program or hardware device
One of the most common applications of load balancing is to provide a single
Internet service from multiple servers for popular web sites, large Internet Relay
Chat networks, high-bandwidth File Transfer Protocol sites, NNTP servers, DNS
servers.
For Internet services, the load balancer is usually a software program which forwards requests to one of the "backend" servers,
which usually reply to the load balancer. Preventing clients from contacting
backend servers directly, which may have security benefits .
An alternate method of load balancing which does not necessarily require a
dedicated software is called round robin DNS.
Hardware and software load balancers can come with a variety of special features
Asymmetric load, Priority activation, SSL Offload and Acceleration,
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack protection, HTTP compression,
TCP buffering, HTTP caching, Content Filtering, HTTP security,
Priority queuing, Content aware switching,Client authentication,Spam filtering,
Programmatic traffic manipulation,
Firewall: Direct connections to backend servers are prevented, for security
reasons
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