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Photographic film is a
sheet of plastic coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive
silver halide salts that determine the
sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film.
Color film uses at least three layers Dyes, which adsorb to the surface of the
silver salts, make the crystals sensitive to different colors.
Newer color films have as many as 12 emulsion layers, with
upwards of 20 different chemicals in each layer.
Film speed describes a film's threshold sensitivity to light. The international
standard for rating film speed is the ISO scale which combines both the ASA
speed and the DIN speed in the format ASA/DIN. A fourth naming standard is GOST,
developed by the Russian standards authority.
Common film speeds include ISO 25, 50, 64, 100, 160, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and
3200. Consumer print films are usually in the ISO 100 to ISO 800 range.. The slower film has finer grain and better color rendition than
fast film. Grain size refers to the size of the silver crystals in the
emulsion. The smaller the crystals, the finer the detail in the photo and the
slower the film.
Examples of films include:
1 -
Print film, that when developed, turns into a negative with the colors
2 -
Color reversal film that after development is called a transparency and can be
viewed directly using a
loupe or projector and isoften called a slide.
Special films Include:
Instant film for
Instant photography, as popularised by Polaroid,
Films that can be made to record non-visible ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR)
radiation generally requiring special equipment. Infrared films
may be shot in standard cameras using an infrared band or long-pass
filter.
Film optimized for sensing X-ray radiation commonly used for medical imaging by
placing the subject between the film and a source of X-rays.
Film optimized for sensing X-rays and for gamma rays is sometimes used for
radiation dosimetry and personal monitoring
Special films are used for the long exposures required by astrophotography.
Common Film formats include:
135 ( "35 mm") ,
APS (Advanced Photo System) ,
110 ,
126 ,
127 , 120/220 , Sheet film ,
Disc film Obsolete format used in disc system cameras ,
Motion picture films: 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm and 70 mm ,
Camera film & Black & White, Color & Color
Slide Suppliers include:
Agfa-Gevaert ,
Bergge,
Dai Nippon Printing ,Efke ,
Foma ,Forte ,
Ferrania ,
Fujifilm ,
Ilford , Imation ,
Kodak ,
Konica Minolta,
Lucky ,
Maco ,
Mitsubishi ,
ORWO ,
Perutz ,
Polaroid,
ProClick ,
Solaris (Ferrania) ,
Svema ,
Tasma ,
Tura , |
