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A hot air balloon is prepared for flight by inflation of the envelope with
propane burners.
A
balloon is a type of aircraft that remains aloft due to its buoyancy. A balloon
travels by moving with the wind. It is distinct from an airship, which is a
buoyant aircraft that can be propelled through the air in a controlled manner.
Although a balloon has no propulsion system, a degree of directional
control is possible through making the balloon rise or sink in altitude to find
favorable wind directions.
There are three main types of balloon aircraft:
Hot air balloons obtain their buoyancy by heating the air inside the balloon.
They are the most common type of balloon aircraft.
Gas balloons are inflated with a gas of lower molecular weight than the ambient
atmosphere. pressure of the surrounding atmosphere.
Gas balloons are filled with gases such as:
hydrogen - not widely used for aircraft since the Hindenburg disaster because of
high flammability
helium - the gas used today for all airships and most manned balloons.
ammonia - used infrequently due to its caustic qualities and limited lift.
coal gas - used in the early days of ballooning; it is highly flammable.
Rozière balloons use both heated and unheated lifting gases. The most common
modern use of this type of balloon is for long-distance record flights such as
the recent circumnavigations.
Light gas balloons are predominant in scientific applications, as they are
capable of reaching much higher altitudes for much longer periods of time.
There are two types of light-gas balloons: zero-pressure and superpressure.
For air transport balloons must contain a gas lighter than the surrounding air.
There are two types:
1--Hot air balloons: filled with hot air, which by heating becomes lighter than the
surrounding air;
2--Balloons filled with:
hydrogen - highly flammable
helium - safe if used properly, but very expensive.
Large helium balloons are used as high flying vessels to carry scientific
instruments (as do weather balloons), or even human passengers with a tether
like in Paris, Berlin, Hong Kong or Singapore.
A powered, steerable aerostat is called a dirigible. In modern times any small
dirigible or airship is called a blimp, though a blimp may be
unpowered as well as powered.
